“世界最强大脑”霍金生平简介：1岁到75岁的生命是多么璀璨

1979-2009年，霍金在剑桥大学担任卢卡斯数学教授一职

Biographic sketch of Stephen William Hawking

霍金生平简介：1岁到75岁的生命是多么璀璨

　　对于霍金的去世，很多人深表遗憾，很多人也是不愿相信，甚至有网友表示，他只是回到那个宇宙之家了，带您来了解一下这位伟人的生平。

One The childhood

一、童年经历

It is said that,he could make a computer by some waste products in his childhood.

据说，霍金很小就会用一些废弃用品做出一台简单的电脑。

儿时的霍金（左）和他的妹妹玛丽，1942年1月8日出生于英国牛津，当天正好是伽利略逝世300年忌日

Stephen William Hawking which was born on January 8 1942 in Oxford of England.It just so happened that Galileo had been died for 300 years old.His father which graduated from Oxford University was a tropical disease scientist,while his mother which graduated from Oxford University studied the Philosophy,Political and Economic.In January 1942,Germany Army almost constantly bombed Lundon in England every night.This forced them leave highgate home for Oxford.After the borning of Hawking,they went back Lundon.In his childhood he was prominent in his study,but he liked to design complex toies.

　　斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金(Stephen William Hawking)，1942年1月8日出生于英国牛津，出生当天正好是伽利略逝世300年忌日。父亲法兰克是毕业于牛津大学的热带病专家，母亲伊莎贝尔1930年毕业于牛津研究哲学、政治和经济。1942年1月，纳粹德军几乎夜夜不停地轰炸英国伦敦。这迫使霍金一家搬离海格特的家园迁到牛津避难。他们在霍金诞生后又回到了伦敦。童年时的霍金学业成绩并不突出，但喜欢设计极为复杂的玩具。

12岁的霍金

Second: The Pace of growth

二、成长的步伐　

中学阶段的霍金，被称为“爱因斯坦”，并开始制作电脑。

In 1959,Hawking, of 17 years old, went into National Technology in Oxford University.He won the Degree of first grade with a little time.Soon after he shifted to study cosmology in University of Cambridge.

1959年17岁的霍金入读牛津大学的大学学院攻读自然科学，用了很少时间而得到一等荣誉学位，随后转读剑桥大学研究宇宙学。　

牛津游艇俱乐部合照（图中拿手帕的为霍金），17岁进入牛津大学，主修物理。

In 1963,when he was 21 years old,he was unfortunitly diagnosised amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.The doctor told him only living for 2 years.But he staied strongly all the time.

　　1963年，21岁的他不幸被诊断患有肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症即运动神经细胞病。当时，医生曾诊断身患绝症的他只能活两年，可他一直坚强地活了下来。

1964年10月，与简*王尔德结婚，后生育三个孩子。

In 1965,when was 23 years old,he got the Doctoral Degree.And he underwayed the study work in University of Cambridge.

　　1965年，23岁时他取得了博士学位留在剑桥大学进行研究工作。

In 1973,he inspected Quantum Effect nearby the Black Hole.He found that Black Hole emits radiation like the celestial body.The temperature of its is inversely proportional to Quanlity of Black Hole.This way the Black Hole becamed more little but the temperature become more higher.Finally the Black Hole reach the end because of boom.It is basic.It is the air Quantum Field Theory when it is curved uniting the relativity,Quantum Field Theory and Special Topics in Thermodynamics.After 1973,he changed direction of Quantum Graphityalthough.Although people couldnt found a successful theory,but some features were found.Such as space time is not inequality under planck scale lenths.But it was in pulverulence mode.Incomprehensibility is improved from Classical Statistsical Physics,Quantum Stastitics to the Third Floor of Quantum Gravity because of destructive casuality under the condition that Quantum Gravity is not pure.

1973年，他考察黑洞附近的量子效应，发现黑洞会像天体一样发出辐射，其辐射的温度和黑洞质量成反比，这样黑洞就会因为辐射而慢慢变小，而温度却越变越高，最后以爆炸而告终。黑洞辐射或霍金辐射(包括de Sitter空间中的霍金辐射)的发现具有极其基本的意义，它将广义相对论、量子场论和热力学统一在一起，其为弯曲时空中的量子场论。1973年以后，他的研究转向了量子引力论。虽然人们还没有得到一个成功的理论，但是它的一些特征已被发现。例如，空间-时间在普朗克尺度下不是平坦的，而是处于一种粉末的状态。在量子引力中不存在纯态，因果性受到破坏，因此使不可知性从经典统计物理学、量子统计物理提高到了量子引力的第三个层次。

霍金、妻子简及两个儿子、一个女儿在一起

　　After 1980,his interest Quantum converted into Cosmology Theory and proposed the noboundry condition of first impetus of Cosmology.In july 2004,he admitted that his adress about the Black Hole was false.<Time History> title was from big boom to Black Hole.He think that his contribution under the Classicial Physical proved the inevitablity of BlackHole and Big Boom and it was more big.But under the Quantum Physical he putted out the hole Cosmology Space begin from the time when Quantum Effect was dasminished because of the more little Blackhole.It will be changed in the late 20 years.But it is in terms of concerts.

1980年以后，霍金的兴趣转向了量子宇宙论，提出了能解决宇宙第一推动问题的无边界条件。2004年7月，他承认了自己原来的“黑洞悖论”观点是错误的。《时间简史》的副题是从大爆炸到黑洞。史蒂芬·威廉·霍金认为他一生的贡献是在经典物理的框架里，证明了黑洞和大爆炸奇点的不可避免性，黑洞越变越大，但在量子物理的框架里，他指出，黑洞因辐射而越变越小，大爆炸的奇点不断被量子效应所抹平，而且整个宇宙空间正是起始于此。理论物理学的细节在未来的20年中还会有变化，但就观念而言，已经相当完备了。

1984年，与助教Colin Williams在哈佛大学进行交谈

In 1985,he was thoroughly deprived of speaking ability because of Pneumonia in Tracheotomy.He only made the lectures by voice synthesizer.

　 1985年，他因患肺炎做了穿气管手术，被彻底剥夺了说话的能力，演讲和问答只能通过语音合成器来完成.

1985年，霍金时任剑桥大学教授

In the same year,he firstly came to china and visited University of Science and Technology of China and BeiJing University.and he made a lecture about Celestial Theory in Water Lecture Hall in University of Science and Technology of China.

1985年，第一次来到中国，到中国科技大学和北京师范大学访问 。在科大水上讲演厅做天体物理的学术报告。

霍金游长城

霍金逛颐和园

In 1988,<A brief history of time by stephen hawking:from the Big Boom to Blackhole> which explored the Origin and Destination was published. Now it have been translated more than 40 languangs with 10 millions copies.It is unread bestseller because of its abstract contents.But a few scholars explanated the book answered the title which time has no beginning and space has no boundary.

　　1988年，霍金的科普著作《时间简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》发行，从研究黑洞出发，探索了宇宙的起源和归宿，该书被译成40余种文字，出版逾1000余万册，但因书中内容极其艰深，在西方被戏称为“读不来的畅销书”(Unread Bestseller)，有学者曾指这种书之所以仍可以如此畅销，是因为书本尝试解答过去只有神学才能触及的题材：时间有没有开端，空间有没有边界。

1995年9月，与自己的护士、第二任妻子伊莱恩结婚。

In October 2001,another work <the universe in a nutshell> which told of the Origin of the Universe in brief words and a lots of illustrations was published.

　 　2001年10月，又一部作品《果壳中的宇宙》 (The Universe in a Nutshell)出版发行。 该书是《时间简史》的姐妹篇，以相对简化的手法及大量图解，诉说宇宙起源。

1988年，发布风靡世界的《时间简史》

In 2002,he came to China for the Second time and made a popular science report about brane new world in BeiJing and HangZhou.He elaborated The M Theory of Celestial Evolution.

　2002年，第二次来中国，在北京、杭州作主题为《膜的新奇世界》(Brane New World)科普报告，向公众阐释他的关于天体演化的“M理论”。

　Hawking tried to communicate his thoughts with the world by common lecture.He visited Japan for twice in 1990s.　

霍金亦试图通过通俗演讲，将自己的思想与整个世界交流，除了常在英国及美国发表演说，他90年代曾两次到访日本。

He pointed out people were curious about so many University Theories as a disabled persons.In fact,he acted albert himself playing a Bridge Game with Einstein and Newton in <star trek>.He also acted rescueing a girl in the cartoon film of the Simpsons.That also occured in <Futurame>.Some pieces in <the family man> is similar with parady.

　　 霍金曾指，大众会好奇一位残障人士，为何会想到这么多宇宙论，令他成了大众媒体的宠儿。事实上，他在《星际迷航(Star Trek)》中的电视系列剧《星际迷航：下一代》中饰演过自己，与爱因斯坦及牛顿一起打桥牌;他亦曾在美国卡通片《辛普森一家》中“演出”，拯救剧中的女孩。其形象也在卡通片《飞出个未来》中的一集里出现。卡通片《居家男人》中则有与其类似的角色(Steve)对其进行了滑稽的模仿。

《星际迷航：下一代》中饰演过自己，与爱因斯坦及牛顿一起打桥牌

In 2006,he leaked out that he was writing a book which the title is theoritical physics not magic novels like<Harry Potter> with his daughter.

　　2006年，他在香港透露正与女儿合撰写一套类似于《哈利波特》、但主题是理论物理学而非魔法的小说。

In June 2006,he came to china for the Third time.He made a lecture with the title of the Origin of Universe.It caused a sensation of the Nickname of Rockstar.On June 19 2006,he told about <the Origin of Universe> for the BeiJing people in Great Hall of People.

2006年参观天坛，并在人民大会堂发表演讲《宇宙的起源》

　　2006年6月，第三次来中国，他带来的仍然是自己关于宇宙学最新的研究，在香港科技大学体育馆主持一个题为"宇宙的起源"的演讲时，轰动一时，被戏称为受到“摇滚巨星”级的接待。2006年6月19日上午，在人民大会堂向北京的公众讲述《宇宙的起源》。

On April 6 2009,he cancelled his visits due to illness.On april 20,he was sent to hospital tearment out of condition.

2009年4月6日，霍金因病取消外访，同月20日因病送院治疗，情况欠佳。

2009年8月12日，美国总统贝拉克奥巴马颁予霍金自由勋章，右边为霍金女儿露希。

　　 In January 2012,he possibly could not make a special computer voice because of Facial muscles Atrophy affecting on Presentation skills.

2012年1月传出因脸部肌肉恶性萎缩，已严重影响其表达能力，并有可能使他无法发出独特的“电脑声”。

　　On April 6 2012,he participated in the Twenty-first episode of the Fifth season of The Big Bang Theory.

2012年4月6日播出的热播美剧《生活大爆炸》第五季第21集中，史蒂芬·霍金本色出演参与了客串。

　　In 2012,he coverd with two golden fingerprints in the the Beijing Olympic torch Zhao xiaokai collected.He dedicated that “To ensure the long term survival of the human race,we need to disarm all nuclear warheads and promote world peace!”

2012年，霍金在赵晓凯收藏北京奥运火炬上盖上了两枚金色指纹，并题词：“为了人类长期生存，为了世界和平，我们需要销毁所有核武器”

2014年12月9日，参加电影《万物理论》首映。

　　In 2017,he made a documentary <expedite the new earth> for British Broadcasting Corporation.

2017年为英国BBC录制纪录片《探索新地球》

Third Dead Man

三、人物逝世

He was died of 76 years old confirmed by his family in England at 3:46 on march 14 2018.　

　英国当地时间2018年3月14日凌晨3时46分，史蒂芬·霍金去世，享年76岁，已经得到霍金家人确认.